Poster Presentation New Zealand Association of Plastic Surgeons Annual Scientific Meeting

The Historical Development of Phalloplasty (1578)

Jake Hindmarch 1
  1. Department of Plastic Surgery , The Wollongong Hospital, Wollongong, NSW, Australia

Introduction:

Phalloplasty, a surgical procedure aimed at constructing a penis in individuals born without or with a severely underdeveloped penis, has undergone significant historical development. This presentation delves into the key pioneers and milestones that have shaped the current state of phalloplasty, exploring its rich history and advancements.

 

Early Attempts at Phalloplasty:

The roots of phalloplasty trace back to the late 1800s when Jacques Joseph, a German surgeon, performed the first documented procedure. Joseph utilised a flap of forearm skin to construct a penis; however, complications such as high infection rates and tissue rejection limited its success.

 

Advancements in the 20th Century:

Throughout the 20th century, surgeons endeavoured to refine phalloplasty through innovative techniques and materials. Vladimir Loss introduced rib cartilage to provide structural support for the reconstructed penis, while Harold Gillies pioneered the use of a pedicled groin flap for urethral reconstruction.

 

The Radial Forearm Flap Technique:

In the 1970s, John Monstrey and his team in Belgium revolutionised phalloplasty by developing the radial forearm flap technique. This method, widely practised today, involves harvesting a segment of skin, fat, and blood vessels from the forearm to create a penis. The radial forearm flap technique offers advantages such as a reliable blood supply, excellent aesthetic outcomes, and the ability to fashion a functional urethra.

 

Recent Developments and Innovations:

Since its inception, the radial forearm flap technique has undergone advancements. Surgeons have refined the procedure by utilising free flaps and incorporating scrotal implants to enhance aesthetic results. The advent of microsurgical techniques has enabled complex phalloplasty procedures with higher success rates, pushing the boundaries of what can be achieved.

 

Conclusion:

From early attempts fraught with complications to the introduction of the radial forearm flap technique, significant progress has been made. Today, phalloplasty remains a critical option for individuals seeking gender-affirming surgery. 

 

 

 

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